for an owner

κῡρι-ακός, ή, όν, ([etym.] κύριος)

A of or for an owner or master, Stud.Pal.22.177.18 (ii A.D.); but usu. of the Roman Emperor, ὁ κ. φίσκος the fiscus, CIG2827 (Aphrod.), Supp.Epigr.2.567 (Caria (?)); κ. ψῆφοι, λόγος, OGI669.13, 18 (Egypt, i A.D.);

κ. χρῆμα POxy.474.41

(ii A.D.).

II esp. belonging to the Lord (Christ): K. δεῖπνον the Lord's Supper, 1 Ep.Cor.11.20; ἡ K.

ἡμέρα

the Lord's day,

Apoc.1.10

; τὸ Κυριακόν (sc. δῶμα) the Lord's house, Edict.Maximiniap.Eus.PE9.10.

III Subst. κυριακός, ὁ, spirit invoked in magic, PMag.Par.1.916.

πᾱμ-ωχέω,

A own, possess, Tab. Heracl.1.168:—also [suff] πᾱμ-ωχιῶν· κεκτημένος, Hsch; and [suff] πᾱμ-ῶχος, ὁ, [dialect] Dor. for Παμοῦχος, owner, Id.

I. κύριος, ία, ιον(Pind. et al.; ins, pap) comp. κυριώτερος (Just., A II, 13, 3); superl. κυριώτατος (Just., D. 11, 2); adv. κυρίως. The primary mng. relates to possession of power or authority, in various senses: ‘strong, authoritative, valid, ruling’; then to that which is preeminently important principal, essential (Aeschyl. et al.; 4 Macc 1:19; Jos., Ant. 20, 41, C. Ap. 1, 19; 2, 177; Just.; Ath. 22:2) τὸ δὲ κυριώτερον but what is more important IMg 1:2 (cp. Diog. L. 4, 26 ἐν τῷ κυρίῳ=quite definitely).—DELG.

II. κύριος, ου, ὁ (the masc. form of the subst. adj. κύριος [s. I], Aeschyl.+; Appian, Bell. Civ. 4, 92 §385 [=ὁ τὸ κῦρος ἔχων]; ins, pap, LXX, pseudepigr.; Philo, Joseph., apolog.; loanw. in rabb. For the corresp. fem. s. κυρία.) gener. ‘lord, master’.

① one who is in charge by virtue of possession, owner (X., Symp. 6, 1; Diod S 4, 15, 3; 14, 7, 6; ins, pap, LXX) κ. πάντων Gal 4:1 (Diod S 33, 7, 1; Philostrat., Vi. Apoll. 1, 13 p. 12, 10 of one who has come of age and controls his own property).

ⓐ of things w. impers. obj. κ. τοῦ ἀμπελῶνος owner of the vineyard (cp. SIG 742, 6 κ. τῆς χώρας) Mt 20:8; 21:40; Mk 12:9; Lk 20:13, 15; ὁ κ. τῆς οἰκίας the master of the house (Ex 22:7; SIG 1215, 28; PTebt 5, 147 [118 B.C.] τοὺς κ. τῶν οἰκιῶν) Mk 13:35. Of a πῶλος: οἱ κ. αὐτοῦ its owners (PHib 34, 3 a span of oxen; Ex 21:29 [αὐτοῦ=τοῦ ταύρου]) Lk 19:33 (ASouter, Exp. 8th ser., 8, 1914, 94f, in connection w. the pl. here and Ac 16:16, 19 thinks of the owners as man and wife; the pl. οἱ κύριοι has this mng. Diod S 34 + 35, Fgm. 2, 10 and 2, 37: a married couple who are slave-owners. On the other hand in the Syntipas collection of Aesop’s Fables 16 p. 534 P. οἱ κύριοι of a dog are a number of metalworkers. On Hebr. background for possible understanding of the pl. in the sing. sense ‘owner’, s. RButh, JBL 104, ’86, 680–85.). The mng. owner easily passes into that of lord, master, one who has full control of someth. (Diod S 5, 42, 5 θανάτου κύριοι=lords over [life and] death; 10, 17, 1 and 2 κ. τοῦ σώματος=master of one’s own body; Ptolem., Apotel. 3, 11, 10 ὁ κ. τῆς ζωῆς; PsSol 2:29 κ. γῆς καὶ θαλάσσης; Philo, Spec. Leg. 3, 67; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 200) ὁ κ. τοῦ θερισμοῦ the Lord of the harvest (Jos., Ant.4, 227 κύριος ἔστω τὰ φυτὰ καρποῦσθαι) Mt 9:38; Lk 10:2. κ. τοῦ σαββάτου Lord of the Sabbath Mt 12:8; Mk 2:28; Lk 6:5.

ⓑ w. a personal obj.: opp. δοῦλος J 13:16; foll. by gen. of pers. (cp. Judg 19:11; Gen 24:36; TestSol 22:5; TestJob 7:9; TestGad 4:4; JosAs 4:14) Mt 10:24f; 18:31f; 24:48; Lk 12:36. ὁ κ. τοῦ δούλου Lk 12:46. Abs., though the sense is unmistakable (Diod S 8, 5, 3; ApcEsdr 3:14 p. 27, 27f Tdf.) 12:37, 42b; 14:23; J 15:15; cp. Ro 14:4a; Eph 6:9a; Col 4:1. Several masters of the same slave (Billerb. I 430.—TestJos 14:2): δυσὶν κυρίοις δουλεύειν Mt 6:24; Ac 16:16, 19 (s. Souter under a above). κατὰ σάρκα designates more definitely the sphere in which the service-relation holds true οἱ κατὰ σάρκα κ. Eph 6:5; Col 3:22. As a form of address used by slaves κύριε Mt 13:27; 25:20, 22, 24; Lk 13:8; 14:22; 19:16, 18, 20, 25.

② one who is in a position of authority, lord, master

ⓐ of earthly beings, as a designation of any pers. of high position: of husband in contrast to wife 1 Pt 3:6 (Gen 18:12; TestAbr A 15 p. 95, 15 [Stone p. 38]; ApcMos 2. cp. Plut., De Virt. Mul. 15 p. 252b; SIG 1189, 7; 1190, 5; 1234, 1); of a father by his son Mt 21:29 (cp. BGU 423, 2 Ἀπίων Ἐπιμάχῳ τῷ πατρὶ καὶ κυρίῳ; 818, 1; 28; Gen 31:35; by his daughter TestJob 46:2; JosAs 4:5); of an official in high position, by those who have dealings with him (cp. PFay 106, 15; 129, 1; 134, 2; BGU 648, 16) Mt 27:63. As a form of address to respected pers. gener.; here, as elsewhere, = our sir (as Mod. Gk.) Mt 25:11; J 12:21; 20:15 (but s. NWyatt, ZNW 81, ’90, 38); Ac 16:30; Rv 7:14 (cp. Epict. 3, 23, 11; 19; Gen 23:6; 44:18; TestAbr A 2 p. 78, 33 [Stone p. 4]; JosAs 7:8 al.). The distinctive Gr-Rom. view of ‘deified’ rulers requires treatment under 2bβ.

ⓑ of transcendent beings

α. as a designation of God (for this custom, which has its roots in the Orient, s. the references in Ltzm., Hdb. exc. on Ro 10:9; Bousset, Kyrios Christos² 1921, 95–98; Dssm., LO 298f [LAE 353ff]; s. also SEG XXXVI, 350 and add. ins cited by DZeller, DDD 918f; LXX (where it freq. replaces the name Yahweh in the Mt); pseudepigr.; Philo, Just.; Hippol. Ref. 8, 17, 1; Orig., C. Cels. 1, 35, 6.—FDoppler, D. Wort ‘Herr’ als Göttername im Griech.: Opusc. philol. v. kath. akad. Philologenverein in Wien I 1926, 42–47; MParca, ASP 31, ’91, 51 [lit.]) ὁ κ. Mt 5:33; Mk 5:19; Lk 1:6, 9, 28, 46; 2:15, 22; Ac 4:26 (Ps 2:2); 7:33; 8:24; Eph 6:7 (perh. w. ref. to Christ); 2 Th 3:3; 2 Ti 1:16, 18; Hb 8:2; Js 1:7; 4:15. Without the art. (on the inclusion or omission of the art. s. BWeiss [θεός, beg.]; B-D-F §254, 1; Mlt-Turner 174), like a personal name (οὐδένα κύριον ὀνομνάζουσι πλὴν τὸν θεόν Hippol. Ref. 9, 26, 2) Mt 27:10; Mk 13:20; Lk 1:17, 58; Ac 7:49; Hb 7:21 (Ps 109:4); 12:6 (Pr 3:12); 2 Pt 2:9; Jd 5 (θεὸς Χριστός P⁷²); 9. ἄγγελος κυρίου (LXX, TestSol, GrBar et al.) Mt 1:20, 24; 2:13, 19; 28:2; Lk 1:11; 2:9a; J 5:3 v.l.; Ac 5:19; 7:30 v.l.; 8:26; 12:7, 23. δόξα κυρίου (Is 40:5; PsSol 5:19; 7:31; TestLevi 8:11; ApcMos 37) Lk 2:9b; δούλη κ. 1:38; ἡμέρα κ. Ac 2:20 (Jo 3:4); νόμος κ. Lk 2:23f, 39; τὸ ὄνομα κ. Mt 21:9 (Ps 117:26; PsSol 6:1 al.); Ac 2:21 (Jo 3:5); πνεῦμα κ. Lk 4:18 (Is 61:1); Ac 8:39; τὸ ῥῆμα κ. 1 Pt 1:25 (Gen 15:1 al.); φωνὴ κ. (Gen 3:8 al.); Ac 7:31; χεὶρ κ. (Ex 9:3 al.; TestJob 26:4; ApcMos prol.) Lk 1:66. ὁ Χριστὸς κυρίου 2:26 (PsSol 17:32 [Χριστὸς κύριος, s. app.]).—W. the sphere of his lordship more definitely expressed (Diod S 3, 61, 5 Zeus is κ. τοῦ σύμπαντος κόσμου; 6 θεὸς καὶ κ. εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα τοῦ σύμπαντος κόσμου; Jos., Ant. 20, 90 τῶν πάντων κ.; Just., D. 127, 2 κ. τῶν πάντων) κ. τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ τῆς γῆς (PGM 4, 640f; ParJer 5:32 [Harris]) Mt 11:25; Lk 10:21; cp. Ac 17:24. κ. τῶν κυριευόντων Lord of lords 1 Ti 6:15. ὁ κ. ἡμῶν 1:14; 2 Pt 3:15; Rv 11:15 (LXX; PsSol 10:5). Cp. 22:6 (s. Num 16:22; 27:16). κ. ὁ θεός Lk 1:32; Rv 1:8; with μου (σου, etc.) Mt 4:7 (Dt 6:16), 10 (Dt 6:13); 22:37 (Dt 6:5); Mk 12:29f (Dt 6:4f); Lk 1:16 al. κ. ὁ θεὸς τοῦ Ἰσραήλ 1:68 (PsSol 16:3; TestSol 1:13). κ. ὁ θεὸς (ἡμῶν) ὁ παντοκράτωρ God, the (our) Lord, the Almighty Rv 4:8; 15:3; 16:7; 19:6; 21:22 (TestSol D 4:7; cp. ParJer 9:6). κ. Σαβαώθ Ro 9:29 (Is 1:9; TestSol 1:6 al.; Just., D. 64, 2); Js 5:4.—W. prep. ἐνώπιον τοῦ κυρίου Lk 1:15 (Ex 23:17; 1 Km 1:25 al.; TestJob 15:6 al.; TestReub 1:9 al.). παρὰ κυρίου Mt 21:42; Mk 12:11 (both Ps 117:23). παρὰ κυρίῳ 2 Pt 3:8. πρὸς τὸν κύριον Hs 9, 12, 6 (LXX; PsSol 1:1 al.).

β. Closely connected w. the custom of applying the term κ. to deities is that of honoring (deified) rulers with the same title (exx. [2bα beg.] in Ltzm., op. cit.; Bousset 93; Dssm., 299ff [LAE 356]; FKattenbusch, Das apostol. Symbol II 1900, 605ff; KPrümm, Herrscherkult u. NT: Biblica 9, 1928, 3–25; 119–40; 289–301; JFears, RAC XIV, 1047–93; JvanHenten, 1341–52 [lit.]; cp. the attitude of the Lacedaemonians: φοβούμενοι τὸν ἕνα κ. αὐτῶν τὸν Λυκούργου νόμον=‘respecting their one and only lord, the law of Lycurgus’ Orig., C. Cels. 8, 6, 12). Fr. the time of Claudius (POxy. 37, 6; O. Wilck II 1038, 6) we find the Rom. emperors so designated in increasing measure; in isolated cases, even earlier (OGI 606, 1; on Augustus’ attitude s. DioCass. 51, 7f). Ac 25:26.—On deified rulers in gener. s. LCerfaux-JTondriau, Un concurrent du Christianisme: le culte des souverains dans la civilisation gréco-romaine ’57; FTaeger, Charisma, 2 vols. ’57–60; DRoloff, Göttlichkeit, Vergöttlichung und Erhöhung zu seligem Leben, ’70. S. esp. the collection of articles and reviews by various scholars, in Römischer Kaiserkult, ed. AWlosok ’78.

γ. κύριος is also used in ref. to Jesus:

א. in OT quotations, where it is understood of the Lord of the new community ἡ ὁδὸς κ. (Is 40:3) Mt 3:3; Mk 1:3; Lk 3:4; J 1:23. εἶπεν κύριος τ. κυρίῳ μου (Ps 109:1: the first κ. is God, the second Christ; s. Billerb. IV 452–65: Der 110. Ps. in d. altrabb. Lit.; βασιλεὺς αὐτῶν χριστὸς κ. [or κυρίου; s. 2bα] PsSol 17:32) Mt 22:44 (cp. vss. 43, 45); Mk 12:36 (cp. vs. 37); Lk 20:42 (cp. vs. 44); Ac 2:34. ὁ καυχώμενος ἐν κυρίῳ καυχάσθω 1 Cor 1:31 (cp. Jer 9:22f). τὸ ὄνομα κυρίου Ro 10:13 (cp. Jo 3:5). σὺ κατʼ ἀρχάς, κύριε, τὴν γῆν ἐθεμελίωσας Hb 1:10 (cp. Ps 101:26). εἰ ἐγεύσασθε ὅτι χρηστὸς ὁ κύριος 1 Pt 2:3 (cp. Ps 33:9). 1 Pt 3:15 adds Χριστόν to κύριον ἁγιάσατε Is 8:13.

ב. Apart from OT quots., Mt and Mk speak of Jesus as κύριος only in one pass. (words of Jesus himself) Mk 11:3=Mt 21:3 (but s. RBratcher, ET 64, ’52/53, 93; New Docs 1, 43; JDerrett, NovT 13, ’71, 241–58 on the public transport system; cp. Lk 19:31, 34), but they record that he was addressed as ‘Lord’ (κύριε), once in Mk (7:28) and more oft. in Mt, e.g. 8:2, 6, 8, 21, 25; 9:28; 14:28, 30; 15:22, 25, 27; 16:22 (also ApcSed 12:2).—Lk refers to Jesus much more frequently as ὁ κ. (Iren. 1, prol. 2 [Harv. I 4, 5] and 5, 26, 2 [Harv. II 396, 2]): 7:13; 10:1, 39 (Ἰησοῦ P⁷⁵; τοῦ Ἰησοῦ P⁴⁵ et al.), 41; 11:39; 12:42a; 13:15; 17:5f; 18:6; 19:8 al. The voc. κύριε is also found oft.: 5:8, 12; 9:54, 61; 10:17, 40; 11:1; 12:41 al.—In J the designation ὁ κ. occurs rarely, in the first 19 chapters only in passages that are text-critically uncertain (4:1 v.l.; 6:23, with omission in some mss.) or that have been suspected on other grounds (11:2); then 20:2, 18, 20, 25; cp. vss. 13, 28; 21:7ab, 12. On the other hand, κύριε in address is extraordinarily common throughout the whole book: 4:11, 15, 19, 49; 5:7; 6:34, 68 al. (more than 30 times).—In the long ending of Mk we have the designation ὁ κ. twice, 16:19, 20. In GPt ὁ κ. occurs 1:2; 2:3ab; 3:6, 8; 4:10; 5:19; 6:21, 24; 12:50ab; 14:59, 60 (in the last pass. without the art.); the fragment that has been preserved hardly affords any opportunity for the use of the voc. 2 Cl introduces apocryphal sayings of Jesus with λέγει ὁ κ. 5:2; λ. ὁ κ. ἐν τ. εὐαγγελίῳ 8:5.—Repeated κύριε, κύριε Mt 7:21f; Lk 6:46; 2 Cl 4:2 (TestAbr A 9 p. 86, 26 [Stone p. 20]; ApcMos 25 p. 14, 1 Tdf.; s. KKöhler, StKr 88, 1915, 471–90).

ג. Even in the passages already mentioned the use of the word κ. raises Jesus above the human level (Mani is also κ. for his people: Kephal. I 183, 11; 13; 16); this tendency becomes even clearer in the following places: ὁ κύριος Ac 5:14; 9:10f, 42; 11:23f; 22:10b; Ro 12:11; 14:8; 1 Cor 6:13f, 17; 7:10, 12; 2 Cor 5:6, 8; Gal 1:19; Col 1:10; 1 Th 4:15b; 2 Th 3:1; Hb 2:3; Js 5:7f; B 5:5; IEph 10:3; AcPl Ha 6, 21; 7, 5; 27; 8, 2; AcPlCor 1:6, 14.—Without the art. 1 Cor 4:4; 7:22b; 10:21ab; 2 Cor 12:1; 1 Th 4:15a; 2 Ti 2:24; AcPlCor 1:8. So esp. in combinations w. preps.: ἀπὸ κυρίου Col 3:24. κατὰ κύριον 2 Cor 11:17. παρὰ κυρίου Eph 6:8. πρὸς κύριον 2 Cor 3:16; AcPl Ha 6, 9. πρὸς τὸν κ. 8, 23. σὺν κυρίῳ 1 Th 4:17b. ὑπὸ κυρίου 1 Cor 7:25b; 2 Th 2:13. Esp. freq. is the Pauline formula ἐν κυρίῳ (lit. on ἐν 4c), which appears outside Paul’s letters only Rv 14:13; IPol 8:3; AcPl Ha 3, 23; AcPlCor 1:1, 16 (cp. Pol 1:1 ἐν κυρίῳ ἡμῶν Ἰ. Χριστῷ): 1 Cor 11:11; Phlm 16; πιστὸς ἐν κ. 1 Cor 4:17; cp. Eph 6:21; Hm 4, 1, 4; φῶς ἐν κ. Eph 5:8. ἡ σφραγίς μου τ. ἀποστολῆς ὑμεῖς ἐστε ἐν κ. 1 Cor 9:2. W. verbs: ἀσπάζεσθαι Ro 16:22 (GBahr, CBQ 28, ’66, 465f renders: in the service of my master, i.e. Paul); 1 Cor 16:19. ἐνδυναμοῦσθαι Eph 6:10. καλεῖσθαι 1 Cor 7:22a. καυχᾶσθαι 1:31. κοπιᾶν Ro 16:12ab; μαρτύρεσθαι Eph 4:17. παραλαμβάνειν διακονίαν Col 4:17. πεποιθέναι εἴς τινα Gal 5:10. ἐπί τινα 2 Th 3:4; cp. Phil 1:14; 2:24. προί̈στασθαι 1 Th 5:12. προσδέχεσθαι Ro 16:2; Phil 2:29. στήκειν 4:1; 1 Th 3:8. ὑπακούειν Eph 6:1. τὸ αὐτὸ φρονεῖν Phil 4:2. θύρας μοι ἀνεῳγμένης ἐν κ. 2 Cor 2:12.—W. διδάσκαλος J 13:13f. W. σωτήρ 2 Pt 3:2; cp. 1:11; 2:20 (Just., D. 39, 2). W. Χριστός Ac 2:36; cp. Χριστὸς κύριος (La 4:20; PsSol 17, 32 v.l. [GBeale, Christos Kyrios in PsSol 17:32—‘The Lord’s Anointed’ Reconsidered: NTS 31, ’85, 620–27]; PsSol 18 ins) Lk 2:11. ὁ κ. Χριστός AcPlCor 2:3. Esp. freq. are the formulas ὁ κ. Ἰησοῦς Ac 1:21; 4:33; 8:16; 11:20; 15:11; 16:31; 19:5, 13, 17; 20:24, 35; 21:13; 1 Cor 11:23; 16:23; 2 Cor 4:14; 11:31; Gal 6:17 v.l.; Eph 1:15; 1 Th 2:15; 4:2; 2 Th 1:7; 2:8; Phlm 5.—ὁ κ. Ἰησοῦς Χριστός Ac 11:17; 28:31; Ro 13:14; 2 Cor 13:13; Phil 4:23; 2 Th 3:6; Phlm 25; 1 Cl 21:6 (Ar. 15, 1). Without the art. mostly in introductions to letters Ro 1:7; 1 Cor 1:3; 2 Cor 1:2; Gal 1:3; Eph 1:2; 6:23; Phil 1:2; 3:20; 1 Th 1:1; 2 Th 1:2, 12b; 1 Ti 5:21 v.l.; Js 1:1; Χριστὸς Ἰησοῦς κ. 2 Cor 4:5; Χριστὸς Ἰησοῦς ὁ κ. Col 2:6. Χριστὸς ὁ κ. 2 Cl 9:5. In an appeal κύριε Ἰησοῦ (cp. Sb 8316, 5f κύριε Σάραπι; PGM 7, 331 κύριε Ἄνουβι) Ac 7:59; Rv 22:20. κύριε AcPl Ha 7:30f, 40.—W. gen. of pers. (in many places the mss. vary considerably in adding or omitting this gen.) ὁ κ. μου ISm 5:2. ὁ κ. ἡμῶν 2 Ti 1:8; Hb 7:14; IPhld ins; ὁ κ. ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦς Ac 20:21; 1 Cor 5:4; 2 Cor 1:14; 1 Th 2:19; 3:11, 13; 2 Th 1:8; Hb 13:20. Ἰησοῦς ὁ κ. ἡμῶν 1 Cor 9:1. ὁ κ. ἡμῶν Χριστός Ro 16:18 (the only pass. in Paul without Ἰησοῦς). ὁ κ. ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦς Χριστός Ac 15:26; Ro 5:1, 11; 15:6, 30; 1 Cor 1:2, 7f, 10; 6:11 v.l.; 15:57; 2 Cor 1:3; 8:9; Gal 6:14, 18; Eph 1:3; 5:20; 6:24; Col 1:3; 1 Th 1:3; 5:9, 23, 28; 2 Th 2:1, 14, 16; 3:18; 1 Ti 6:3, 14; Js 2:1; 1 Pt 1:3; 2 Pt 1:8, 14, 16; Jd 4, 17, 21 (also TestSol 1:12 D). ὁ κ. ἡμῶν Χριστός Ἰησοῦς AcPlCor 2:5; cp. AcPl Ha 8, 17=Ox 1602, 20f/BMM recto 22. Ἰησοῦς Χριστὸς ὁ κ. ἡμῶν Ro 1:4; 5:21; 7:25; 1 Cor 1:9; Jd 25 (Just., D. 41, 4). (ὁ) Χριστὸς Ἰησοῦς ὁ κ. ἡμῶν Ro 6:11 v.l., 23; 8:39; 1 Cor 15:31; Eph 3:11; 1 Ti 1:2, 12; 2 Ti 1:2 (ὁ ἡμέτερος κ. Χριστὸς Ἰησοῦς Just., D. 32, 3 and 47, 5 al.). Χριστὸς Ἰησοῦς ὁ κ. μου Phil 3:8. ὁ κ. μου Χριστὸς Ἰησοῦς AcPl Ha 7, 29. ὁ κ. αὐτῶν Rv 11:8.—W. other genitives: πάντων κ. Lord over all (cp. Pind., I. 5, 53 Ζεὺς ὁ πάντων κ.; Plut., Mor. 355e Osiris; PGM 13, 202) Ac 10:36; Ro 10:12. κ. κυρίων (cp. En 9:4) Rv 17:14; 19:16.—That ‘Jesus is κύριο’ (perh. ‘our κύριος is Jesus’) is the confession of the (Pauline) Christian church: Ro 10:9; 1 Cor 12:3; cp. 8:6; Phil 2:11 (on the latter pass. s. under ἁρπαγμός and κενόω 1. Cp. also Diod S 5, 72, 1: after Zeus was raised ἐκ γῆς εἰς τὸν οὐρανόν, there arose in the ψυχαῖς of all those who had experienced his benefactions, the belief ὡς ἁπάντων τῶν γινομένων κατὰ οὐρανὸν οὗτος εἴη κύριος; s. also 3, 61, 6 Zeus acclaimed ‘God and Lord’).—In J the confession takes the form ὁ κύριός μου καὶ ὁ θεός μου J 20:28 (on the combination of κύριος and θεός s. θεός, beg., and 3c).—JFitzmyer, The Semitic Background of the NT Kyrios-Title: A Wandering Aramaean—Collected Aramaic Essays ’79, 115–42; s. also 87–90.

δ. In some places it is not clear whether God or Christ is meant, cp. Ac 9:31; 1 Cor 4:19; 7:17; 2 Cor 8:21; Col 3:22b; 1 Th 4:6; 2 Th 3:16 al.

ε. of other transcendent beings

א. an angel Ac 10:4 (JosAs 14:6 al.; GrBar 4:1 al.; ApcZeph). p. 129 Denis.

ב. in contrast to the one κύριος of the Christians there are θεοὶ πολλοὶ καὶ κύριοι πολλοί many gods and many lords 1 Cor 8:5 (cp. Dt 10:17); we cannot say just what difference, if any, Paul makes betw. these θεοί and κύριοι; unless we have here an hendiadys, the apostle may imply that the κ. are of lower rank than the θ. (sim. Did., Gen. 248, 5. On the many θεοί and lesser divinities cp. Maximus Tyr. 11, 5ab θεὸς εἷς πάντων βασιλεὺς κ. πατήρ, κ. θεοὶ πολλοί, θεοῦ παῖδες [= δαίμονες 11, 12a], συνάρχοντες θεοῦ. Ταῦτα κ. ὁ Ἕλλην λέγει, κ. ὁ βάρβαρος; 8, 8ef. Also Diog. L. 8, 23 the saying of Pythagoras, that humankind must τοὺς θεοὺς δαιμόνων προτιμᾶν=honor the deities more than the divinities or demi-gods δαίμονες; Heraclitus, Fgm. 5 divides the celestial realm into θεοὶ καὶ ἥρωες. S. also κυριότης 3 and, in a way, PGM 36, 246 κύριοι ἄγγελοι; s. also θεός 1).—On the whole word s. WGraf Baudissin, Kyrios als Gottesname im Judentum u. s. Stelle in d. Religionsgesch., 4 vols. 1926–29; SvenHerner, Die Anwendung d. Wortes κ. im NT 1903; Dssm., LO 298ff [LAE 353ff]; BBacon, Jesus as Lord: HTR 4, 1911, 204–28; WHeitmüller, ZNW 13, 1912, 333ff; HBöhlig, D. Geisteskultur v. Tarsos 1913, 53ff, Zum Begriff κύριος bei Pls: ZNW 14, 1913, 23ff, ʼΕν κυρίῳ: Heinrici Festschr. 1914, 170ff; WBousset, Kyrios Christos² 1921 [Engl. tr. JSteely ’70]; PWern-le, ZTK 25, 1915, 1–92; PAlthaus, NKZ 26, 1915, 439ff; 513ff; Heitmüller, ZTK 25, 1915, 156ff; Bousset, Jesus der Herr 1916; GVos, The Continuity of the Kyrios Title in the NT: PTR 13, 1915, 161–89, The Kyrios Christos Controversy: ibid. 15, 1917, 21–89; EWeber, Zum Gebrauch der κύριος-Bez.: NKZ 31, 1920, 254ff; ERohde, Gottesglaube u. Kyriosglaube bei Paulus: ZNW 22, 1923, 43ff; RSeeberg, D. Ursprung des Christenglaubens 1914; JWeiss, D. Urchristentum 1917, 351ff; Ltzm., Hdb. exc. on Ro 10:9; Burton, ICC Gal 1921, 399–404; WFoerster, Herr ist Jesus 1924; AFrövig, D. Kyriosglaube des NTs 1928; ELohmeyer, Kyr. Jesus 1928; EvDobschütz, Κύριος Ἰησοῦς: ZNW 30, ’31, 97–123 (lit.); OMichel, D. Christus des Pls: ZNW 32, ’33, 6–31; also 28, 1929, 324–33; Dodd 9–11; LCerfaux, ‘Kyrios’ dans les citations paul. de l’AT: ETL 20, ’43, 5–17; FGrant, An Introd. to NT Thought ’50, 130–37; PÉLangevin, Jésus Seigneur ’67; IPotterie, BRigaux Festschr. ’70, 117–46 (Luke); JKingsbury, JBL 94, ’75, 246–55 (Mt); FDanker, Luke ’87, 60–81; DZeller, 925–28 (lit.).—B. 1330. Schürer II 326. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq. Sv.

κτάομαι, [dialect] Ion. [full] κτέομαι, only as v.l. in Hdt.8.112: [tense] fut.

A

κτήσομαι Archil.6.4

, Thgn.200, A.Eu. 289, Th.6.30, Pl.R. 417a, etc. (in pass. sense, Plot.2.9.15, s.v.l.);

κεκτήσομαι A.Th. 1022

, E.Ba. 514, Pl.Grg. 467a ( ἐκτήσομαι in La. 192e, and prob. in Emp.110.4): [tense] aor. ἐκτησάμην, [dialect] Ep.κτ-, Od.14.4, Pi.Pae.2.59, etc.: [tense] pf.

κέκτημαι Hes.Op. 437

, etc.,

ἔκτημαι Il.9.402

, A.Pr. 795, Hdt.2.44, and sts. in Pl. ( κεκτῄμεθα and ἐκτῆσθαι in following lines, R. 505b,

ἐκτῆσθαι τοῦ κεκτῆσθαι ἕνεκα Tht. 198d

); [dialect] Ion. [ per.] 3pl.

ἐκτέαται Hdt.4.23

; subj.

κέκτωμαι Isoc.3.49

, Pl. Lg. 936b; opt. κεκτῄμην, ῇτο, ib. 731c, 742e,

κεκτῴμην E.Heracl. 282

codd.: [tense] plpf.

ἐκεκτήμην And.1.74

, 4.41, Lys.2.17, etc.; poet.

κεκτήμην E.IA 404

; [dialect] Ion. [ per.] 3pl.

ἔκτηντο Hdt.2.108

; [dialect] Att. [ per.] 1pl. ἐκτήμεθα f.l. in And.3.37: for [tense] fut. and [tense] aor. [voice] Pass., v. infr. 111.

I [tense] pres., [tense] impf., [tense] fut., and [tense] aor.,

1 procure for oneself, get, acquire,

κτήμασι τέρπεσθαι τὰ γέρων ἐκτήσατο Πηλεύς Il.9.400

, etc.; [ οἰκῆας] Od.l.c.;

γῆν A.Eu.

l.c., cf. Pers. 770; of horses, win (as a prize), Pi.N.9.52; κτήσασθαι βίον ἀπό τινος to get one's living from a thing, Hdt.8.106; win favour, and the like , χάριν ἀπό τινος, ἔκ τινος, S.Tr. 471, Ph. 1370;

παρά τινος X. Smp.4.43

;

τὴν εὔνοιαν τὴν παρὰ τῶν Ἑλλήνων Isoc.5.68

; κ. φίλους, ἑταίρους, S.Aj. 1360, E.Or. 804 (troch.);

κτήσασθαι παῖδας ἐξ ὁμοσπόρου Id.IT 696

, cf. S.OT 1499, Hdt.8.105;

παῖδας ἐς δόμους κτήσασθαι E.Fr. 491

, cf. Supp. 225;

πολλάκις δοκεῖ τὸ φυλάξαι τἀγαθὰ τοῦ κτήσασθαι χαλεπώτερον εἶναι D.1.23

.

b of consequences, bring upon oneself,

αὑτῷ θάνατον S.Aj. 968

; incur, θεᾶς ὀργήν ib. 777;

κακά Id.El. 1004

;

ξυμφοράς E.Or. 543

;

ἔχθραν πρός τινα Th.1.42

; δυσσέβειαν κ. get a name for impiety, S.Ant. 924;

κακὸν λόγον πρὸς ἀστῶν E.Heracl. 166

, cf. IT 676;

ἐκ τῶν πόνων τὰς ἀρετὰς κ. Th.1.123

.

c κ. τινὰς πολεμίους make them so, X.An.5.5.17;

οὔ ποτ' εὔνουν τὴν ἐμὴν κτήσῃ φρένα S.Ph. 1281

.

2 procure or get for another,

ἐμοὶ δ' ἐκτήσατο κεῖνος Od.20

. 265;

μέγαν τέκνοις πλοῦτον ἐκτήσω A.Pers. 755

(troch.), cf. X. Oec.15.1.

II in [tense] pf. and [tense] plpf. with [tense] fut. κεκτήσομαι, to have acquired, i.e. possess, hold (opp. χρῆσθαι, Pl.Euthd. 28od),

οὐδ' ὅσα φασὶν Ἴλιον ἐκτῆσθαι Il.9.402

, cf. X. Cyr.8.3.46, Pl.Phdr. 260b;

ὅπλα μὴ ἐκτῆσθαι Hdt.1.155

, cf. S.Ph. 778;

στρατὸν πλεῖστον ἐκτημένοι Hdt.7.161

;

κοινὸν ὄμμ' ἐκτημέναι A.Pr. 795

; φωνὴν βάρβαρον κεκτ. Id.Ag. 1051;

κεκτ. τινὰ σύμμαχον E.Ba. 1343

;

κ. κάλλος X.Smp.1.8

;

ἀρετήν Pl.Prt. 340e

;

τέχνην Lys.24.6

; ποίησιν to be master of it, Pl.Lg. 829c: dub. in [tense] aor., ἀγορὰς κτησάμενοι having market-places, Hdt.1.153 (leg. στησάμενοι): with impers. subject, πραγμάτων ἀγῶνας κεκτημένων involving effort, Epicur.Sent.21:—the diff.between [tense] pres. and [tense] pf. appears from X.Mem.1.6.3, ἃ [χρήματα] καὶ κτωμένους εὐφραίνει καὶ κεκτημένους.. ποιεῖ ζῆν: later, [tense] pres. in [tense] pf. sense, Ev.Luc.18.12.

b of evils,

ἄγος κεκτήσεται θεῶν A.Th. 1022

;

κακά E.Hel. 272

;

φθόνον Pl.Lg. 870c

.

c have in store, opp. ἔχω, have in hand, ready for use,

ἔχων τε καὶ κεκτημένος.. κακά S.Ant. 1278

;

ἔχειν τε καὶ κεκτῆσθαι τὸ ψεῦδος Pl.R. 382b

. cf. Tht. 197b, 198d, Cra. 393b; κ. ἱμάτιον own, opp. ἔχειν (wear), Id.Tht. 197b.

d abs., to be a property-owner,

τῶν ἐκτημένων ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ SIG633.73

(Milet., ii B.C.), cf. 888.15 (iii A.D.).

2 ὁ κεκτημένος owner, master (esp. of slaves), as Subst., Ar.Pl.4, etc.;

οἱ κ. A.Supp. 337

; of a husband, E.IA 715; ἡ κεκτημένη my mistress, S. Fr. 762, Ar.Ec. 1126, Men.Pk.61, al., cf. Phryn.Com.48.

III [tense] aor. 1 [voice] Pass. ἐκτήθην in pass. sense, to be gotten,

ἃ ἐκτήθη Th.1.123

, 2.36; to be obtained as property,

δουλόσυνος πρὸς οἶκον κτηθεῖσα E.Hec. 449

(lyr.), cf. D.H.10.27, etc.: [tense] fut.

κτηθήσομαι LXX Je.39

(32).43. ([voice] Act. κτάω very late, PLond.1.77 (vi A.D.).)

ὀφθαλμοδουλία, ας, ἡ (B-D-F §115, 1; also s. Mlt-H. 271; FGingrich, JBL 52, ’33, 263; Achmes p. 18, 12 says of a slave κατʼ ὀφθαλμὸν δουλεύειν) service that is performed only to make an impression in the owner’s presence, eye-service (CMoule, ET 59, ’47/48, 250), not for its own sake nor to please God or one’s own conscience (s. Theodoret III p. 437 Schulze on Eph 6:6f ὀφθαλμοδουλείαν δὲ καλεῖ τὴν οὐκ ἐξ εἰλικρινοῦς καρδίας προσφερομένην θεραπείαν, ἀλλὰ τῷ σχήματι κεχρωσνένην=he applies the term ‘eye-slavery’ to service that is not sincerely rendered but functions only for sake of appearance) κατʼ ὀφθαλμοδουλίαν only when your owner is watching Eph 6:6. Pl., of more than one occurrence of this kind of service ἐν ὀφθαλμοδουλίᾳ (v.l.-λίαις) Col 3:22.—S. DELG ὄπωπα F 2. TW.

ἀποστέλλω fut. ἀποστελῶ; 1 aor. ἀπέστειλα; ἀποστείλω Ac 7:34 (Ex 3:10) is perh. not hortat. subj. but pres. ind. as in the Pontic dial. (Thumb 18; s. M-M s.v.) or fut. (see v.l.); pf. ἀπέσταλκα, pass. ἀπέσταλμαι; 2 aor. pass. ἀπεστάλην (Soph., Hdt.+).

① to dispatch someone for the achievement of some objective, send away/out (Diod S 34 + 35, 14)

ⓐ w. only the obj. given Mt 13:41; Mk 11:1; 12:5 al.

ⓑ more exactly defined

α. w. indication of the pers. to whom someone is sent: by the dat. (UPZ 61, 20) Mt 22:16; εἴς τινα Mt 15:24; Lk 11:49; Ac 26:17. πρός τινα (Epict. 3, 22, 74; Jos., Ant. 7, 334) Mt 21:34, 37; 23:34, 37; 27:19; Mk 3:31; 12:4, 6; J 1:19 al.

β. w. indication of the place to which someone is sent, w. εἰς (PCairZen 578, 3): Mt 14:35; 20:2; Mk 8:26; Lk 1:26; 10:1; J 3:17 al. W. ἐν (4 Km 17:25; 2 Ch 7:13) ἐν μέσω λύκων Mt 10:16; Lk 10:3 (cp. Jer 32:27). ἔξω τ. χώρας outside the country Mk 5:10. W. ὧδε here Mk 11:3. ἀ. πρεσβείαν ὀπίσω τινός send an embassy after someone Lk 19:14 (cp. 4 Km 14:19). ἀ. ἔμπροσθέν τινος (cp. Gen 45:5, 7; 46:28) send before someone J 3:28; cp. ἀ. ἄγγελον πρὸ προσώπου σου Mt 11:10; Mk 1:2 (Ex 23:20; cp. Mal 3:1); cp. Lk 9:52; 10:1.

γ. w. the purpose of the sending indicated by ἵνα (Gen 30:25) Mk 12:2, 13; Lk 20:10; J 1:19; 3:17; 7:32; Hv 5:2 al. By ὅπως (1 Macc 16:18) Ac 9:17. By the inf. (Num 16:12; 31:4) Mt 22:3; Mk 3:14; Lk 1:19; 4:18a (Is 61:1); 9:2; 14:17; J 4:38; Ac 5:21; 1 Cor 1:17; Rv 22:6; B 14:9 (Is 61:1); Hm 12, 6, 1; cp. AcPlCor 2:9 in c below. By ἐπί (or εἰς) w. acc. (Apollon. Paradox. 1; PFlor 126, 8; Sb 174, 5f [III B.C.] ἀ. ἐπὶ τ. θήραν τ. ἐλεφάντων; UPZ 15, 24) ἐπὶ τοῦτο for this purpose Lk 4:43. εἰς διακονίαν to render service Hb 1:14 (cp. Jdth 11:7; Gen 45:5). By the simple acc. τοῦτον ἄρχοντα καὶ λυτρωτὴν ἀπέσταλκεν this man he sent as leader and deliverer Ac 7:35. ἀ. τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ ἱλασμόν 1J 4:10. ἀ. τ. υἱόν σωτῆρα vs. 14 (cp. ἐκεῖνον … κατάσκοπον … ἀποσταλέντα Just., D. 113, 1).

δ. in pass. ἀποστέλλεσθαι παρὰ θεοῦ (Vi. Aesopi I c. 31 p. 295, 1 ed. Eberh. ἀπεστάλην παρὰ τ. θεοῦ μου; cp. Sir 15:9; 34:6) J 1:6. πνεύματος ἁγίου ἀπὸ οὐρανοῦ παρὰ τοῦ πατρὸς ἀποσταλέντος εἰς αὐτὴν (Μαρίαν) AcPlCor 2:5; ἀπὸ τ. θεοῦ (Epict. 3, 22, 23 ἀπὸ τοῦ Διός; Vi. Aesopi G 119 P.: the prophets of Heliopolis say ἡμεῖς ἀπεστάλημεν ἀπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ) Lk 1:26 (v.l. ὑπό); cp. 1 Cl 65:1. ἀπὸ Κορνηλίου πρὸς αὐτόν Ac 10:21 v.l. ἀπὸ Καισαρείας 11:11 (cp. 1 Macc 15:1). ἀπʼ οὐρανοῦ 1 Pt 1:12; ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀγγέλου Hv 5:2.

ⓒ esp. of the sending out of the disciples by Jesus Mt 10:5; Mk 3:14; 6:7; Lk 9:2; J 4:38; 17:18, as well as God’s sending forth of Jesus (of the divine mission, esp. of prophets, very oft. in LXX; on the Heb. שָׁלִיחַ see LKopf, VetusT 7, ’58, 207–9 and ἀπόστολος 2c.—Philo, Migr. Abr. 22; Just., A I, 63, 5; D. 75, 3. The Cynic ἀπὸ τ. Διὸς ἀπέσταλται Epict. 3, 22, 23; cp. 46.—Cornutus 16 p. 30, 19 ὁ Ἑρμῆς ὁ λόγος ὤν, ὸ̔ν ἀπέστειλαν πρὸς ἡμᾶς ἐξ οὐρανοῦ οἱ θεοί) Mt 15:24; Mk 9:37; Lk 9:48; J 3:17, 34; 5:36, 38; 6:29, 57; 7:29; 8:42; 11:42; 17:3 (ἀποπέμπω v.l.), 8, 21, 23, 25; 20:21; Ac 3:20. Σιλωάμ tr. ἀπεσταλμένος J 9:7 (for a prob. mystic sense cp. Philo, Poster. Cai. 73; difft. ViIs 2 [p. 69, 5 Sch.].—The abs. ὀ ἀπεσταλμένος [Diod S 16, 50, 2]=the emissary). John the Baptist ἀπεσταλμένος παρὰ θεοῦ 1:6.—ἀπέστειλε πρώτοις Ἰουδαίοις προφήτας εἰς τὸ ἀπὸ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ἀποσπασθῆναι sent prophets first to Judaeans so that they might be rescued from their sins AcPlCor 2:9.—Also of the Holy Spirit 1 Pt 1:12 (cp. w. ref. to the breath or wind of God, Jdth 16:14; Ex 15:10).—Of angels Hv 4, 2, 4 (cp. Da 4:13, 23; 2 Macc 11:6; 15:22f; Tob 3:17).

② to dispatch a message, send, have someth. done

ⓐ w. ref. to content of the message τοῖς ἔθνεσιν ἀπεστάλη τοῦτο τὸ σωτήριον this salvation has been dispatched to the gentiles Ac 28:28 (cp. the passages fr. Lk and Ac in c end).

ⓑ When used w. other verbs, ἀ. often functions like our verbal auxiliary ‘have’ and means simply that the action in question has been performed by someone else (Gen 31:4; 41:8, 14; Ex 9:27; 2 Km 11:5 al.; X., Cyr. 3, 1, 6; Plut., Mor. 11c μεταπέμψας ἀνεῖλε τ. Θεόκριτον) ἀποστείλας ἀνεῖλεν he had (them) killed Mt 2:16. ἀ. ἐκράτησεν τ. Ἰωάννην he had John arrested Mk 6:17. ἀ. μετεκαλέσατο he had (him) summoned Ac 7:14. ἐσήμανεν ἀ. διὰ τ. ἀγγέλου αὐτοῦ he had it made known by his angel Rv 1:1. Sim. ἀπέστειλαν αἱ ἀδελφαὶ πρὸς αὐτὸν λέγουσαι the sisters had word brought to him J 11:3. ἀ. ἐν ἀφέσει set free Lk 4:18b (Is 58:6).

ⓒ in related vein w. impers. obj. (Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 1, 15 Jac.; cp. En 101:3; PsSol 7:4): ἀ. τὸ δρέπανον (one) sends for the sickle=‘sends for the reapers’; a species of synecdoche Mk 4:29 (Field, Notes 26, argues for ‘put forth’=‘put in’ on the basis principally of Jo 3:13, ἐξαποστείλατε δρέπανα, ὅτι παρέστηκεν τρύγητος, a clause formally sim. to the phrase in Mk. The sense linguistically remains the same: reapers must perform the task with a sickle. In the impv. construction of Jo the subject is specified and the action defined as a directive; in Mk the subj. is to be inferred and the directive implied). ἀ. αὐτούς, the owner arranges for dispatch of donkeys Mt 21:3. ἀ. τὸν λόγον send out a message (Ps 106:20; 147:7; cp. PLips 64, 42 τὸ περὶ τούτου ἀποσταλὲν πρόσταγμα) Ac 10:36; 13:26 v.l.; cp. Lk 24:49. Pass. Ac 28:28 (s. a above).

ⓓ abs. μήπως ἀποστείλῃ ὁ δεσπότης ἐφʼ ἡμᾶς lest the Lord dispatch (his wrath) upon us GJs 7:1 (Ezk 7:7).—See lit. s.v. ἀπόστολος.—B. 710. DELG s.v. στέλλω A. M-M. TW.

-ου ⁺ ὁ N 2 1903-2443-2047-1326-872=8591 Gn 2,8.15.16.18.22

Lord (designating God) Is 40,5; master, lord (opp. of δοῦλος) Jgs 19,11; lord (of husband) Gn 18,12; id.

(of

κύριε πάτερ Lord father (as terms of respect) Sir 23,1; ὁ κύριος τῆς οἰκίας master of the house, head of the family Ex 22,7; κύριος ὁ Θεός the Lord God Gn 2,8; κύριος κύριος the Lord God (rendition of יהוה אדני) Ez 20,39

*Nm 31,3 ἔναντι κυρίου before the Lord-ליהוה for MT ויהיו and they will be, or לצבאות before the Lord for MT לצבא for an army, for war; *Dt 32,4 κύριος the Lord-יהוה? for MT הוא he; *1 Sm 17,32 τοῦ κυρίου μου of my lord-אדני for MT אדם of man?

Cf. BAUDISSIN 1929 1-602.1-316.1-710.1-228; BICKERMAN 1976, 159-160; CERFAUX 1931a= 1954 113-

136; 1931b=1954 137-172; 1957, col. 200-228; HAGEDORN 1980, 165-177; HANHART 1967 38-64 (esp.

57-63); HARL 1986a, 47.49-52. 67.169.205.265; HORSLEY 1989, 74; KILPATRICK 1968=1990 207-212;

1973=1990 216-222; LE BOULLUEC 1989 41.338-339. 377-378; LEE, J. 1983, 83; LLEWELYN 1992 176

(n. 193); LUST 1968 482-488; 1996 138-145; MONTEVECCHI 1957a, 48-49; PIETERSMA 1984, 85-101;

SPICQ 1982, 415-424; SUÑOL 1965, 39-54; WALTERS 1973 40.61.110.142.160.249.251.259.260.316;

WEVERS 1990 30.70.73.97.100. 118.141.206.305. 308.312.346.367.384.389.552.557; 1993 391;

→NIDNTT; TWNT

ὠνέομαι, Hes.Op. 341, etc.: [tense] fut.

A

- ήσομαι E.Hec. 360

, Ar.Ach. 815, Pax 1261, Lys.22.22, [dialect] Dor. ὠνασοῦμαι (v. infr.):—in [dialect] Att. usu. with the syllabic augment,

ἐωνούμην Eup.184

, And.1.134,

ἀντ-εωνεῖτο X. Oec.20.26

, etc.: but

ὠνέετο Hdt.3.139

,

ὠνέοντο Id.1.69

,

ὠνούμην Lys. 7.4

codd.,

ἀντ-ωνεῖτο And.1.134

,

ἐξ-ωνεῖτο Aeschin.3.91

: [tense] aor. 1

ἐωνησάμην Plu.Cic.3

;

ὠνησάμην Hp.Ep.17

, Plu.Nic.10, Luc.Herm.81; part.

ὠνησάμενος Plb.4.50.3

, D.H.7.20: ὠνήσασθαι not in Attic inscrr. earlier than IG22.1035.8 (i B. C.), ἐπριάμην being used in [dialect] Att.; ὠνησάμην in the prov.

Χῖος δεσπότην ὠνήσατο Eup.269

: [tense] pf. ἐώνημαι in act. sense, Ar.Pl.7, Lys.7.2 (so [tense] plpf.

ἐώνητο D.37.5

); also as [voice] Pass. (v. infr. 11): [tense] aor. in pass. sense (v. infr. 11) ἐωνήθην; [tense] fut. in pass. sense

ἀπ-ωνηθήσεται Theopomp.Com.84

: this verb is usu. replaced in later Gr. by ἀγοράζω:—buy, purchase, opp.

πωλέω, πιπράσκω; πῶ τις ὦν ὄνον ὠνασεῖται; Sophr.125

; but in [tense] pres. and [tense] impf. (which are the tenses most in use), offer to buy, bargain or bid for a thing,

ὄφρ' ἄλλων ὠνῇ κλῆρον Hes.Op. 341

; ὠνέεσθαι τῶν φορτίων wished to buy some of their wares, began to bargain for them, Hdt. 1.1; Κροῖσός σφι ὠνεομένοισι ἔδωκε gave it them when they offered to buy, ib.69; τὰς νήσους οὐκ ἐβούλοντο ὠνευμένοισι πωλέειν ib. 165, cf. 3.139, 6.121; ὀκτὼ λάβοις ἄν (sc. ὀβολούς); Answ. εἴπερ ὠνεῖ τὸν ἕτερον if you are willing to buy the other fish, Alex.16.10, cf. 78.7;

ὠνεῖσθαι καὶ πωλεῖν πρὸς ἀλλήλους Pl.Lg. 741b

;

ὠ. τὰς γυναῖκας παρὰ τῶν γονέων Hdt.5.6

, cf. Pl.Prt. 313d, 313e, D.9.48;

ἀπό τινος Ach.Tat. 5.17

: c. dat. pers., buy from.., Ar.Ach. 815, Pax 1261; also ὠ. ἐκ Κορίνθου buy goods from Corinth, X.HG7.2.17:

ὠ. ἐξ ἀγορᾶς Id.An. 3.2.21

; metaph., καιρόν, σπονδάς ὠ., Plu.Sert.6, Hdn.6.7.9;

ὠ. μὴ ἀδικεῖσθαι τοὺς ἐμπόρους D.8.25

; c. gen. pretii, buy for so much, Hdt. 5.6, cf. E.Hec. 360, X.An.7.6.24; ψυχῆς at the price of life, Heraclit. 85: also c. dat., buy with..,

τἄχθιστα τοῖσι φιλτάτοις ὠνούμεθα E.IA 1170

: abs., X.Mem.2.10.4, Ages.1.18: esp. in partic.,

ὠνουμένους ἕξειν τὰ ἐπιτήδεια

by purchase,

Id.An.2.3.27

, cf. 5.5.14, etc.; also ὁ ὠνούμενος the buyer, purchaser,

ὁρῶντος τοῦ ὠνουμένου Id.Eq.3.2

, cf. Plu. Cat.Mi.36; ὁ ἐωνημένος the owner by purchase (of a slave), Ar.Pl.7;

ὁ ὠνησάμενος Plu.2.242d

; ὁ ὠνησόμενος the intending purchaser, Din. 3.10: metaph.,

χάριτας πονηρὰς ὠ. E.Hel. 902

;

ὅσα ἄνθρωποι ἄθλων ὠνοῦνται X.Hier.9.11

;

εὔνοιαν παρά τινος D.12.20

;

ὠ. τὰς αὑτῶν ψυχὰς παρὰ τῶν ἐχθρῶν Lys.28.9

:—in A.Supp. 337 Robortello restored ὄνοιτο.

2 bid for, purchase the farming of public taxes or properties,

λ ταλάντων And.1.134

, Lys.7.2 (in part. [tense] pf. [voice] Pass. with trans. sense);

τέλη παρὰ τῆς πόλεως X.Vect.4.19

, etc.;

ὠ. μέταλλα D.19.293

;

τὸν ἐωνημένον τὴν ἰλὺν ἐκκομίσασθαι IG12.94.20

, cf.

ὠνή 11

.

3 buy off, avert by giving hush-money,

ὠ. τὸν κίνδυνον D.38.20

; τὰ ἐγκλήματα ib.8; ταλάντου τὸ πλημμέλημα (i.e. its penalty)

παρά τινος Luc.Herm.81

.

4 ὠ. τινα to buy a person, of one who bribes, D.18.247;

ὠνεῖται καὶ διαφθείρει τινάς Id.9.45

, cf. Plu.Phil.15.

II sts. used as [voice] Pass., dub. in [tense] pres. since [ ὠνούμενά τε καὶ πιπρασκόμενα] is interpol. in Pl.Phd. 69b; occasionally in [tense] pf., part.

ἐωνημένος Id.R. 563b

, Is.11.42, D.19.209 (but indic.

ἐώνηνται Anon.

ap. Arist.Rh. 1410a19 is [voice] Act. in sense): [tense] plpf.

ἐώνητο Ar. Pax 1182

(troch.); also in [tense] aor.

ἐωνήθην X.Mem.2.7.12

,

ὠνηθῇ Id.Vect.4.19

; part.

ὠνηθείς Is.6.19

, Pl.Sph. 224a, Lg. 850a.

III [voice] Act. [tense] pf. part. ἐωνηκώς, = ἐωνημένος, Lys.Fr.135S.: [tense] aor. ὠνῆσαι· ἀγοράσαι, Zonar.: [tense] pres. ὠνεῖν· πωλεῖν, ἀπολαύειν, Hsch.: the sense πωλεῖν is Cretan, ὠνῆν τὰ χρήματα they shall sell the property, Leg.Gort.5.47; αἰ δέ τις.. τὸ νόμισμα μὴ λείοι δέκετθαι ἢ καρπῶ ὠνίοι if any one refuses the currency or sells for produce, SIG525.8 (Crete, iii B. C.).

I. ἄν (after relatives ἐάν [q.v.] is oft. used for ἄν, but the mss. vary greatly, s. B-D-F §107; 377; Mlt. 42ff, 165ff; Mayser 152f; Crönert 130f; Thackeray 67; Dssm., NB 30ff [BS 202ff]). A particle peculiar to Gk. (Hom.+) denoting aspect of contingency, incapable of translation by a single English word; it denotes that the action of the verb is dependent on some circumstance or condition; the effect of ἄν upon the meaning of its clause depends on the mood and tense/aspect of the verb w. which it is used. The NT use of ἄν corresponds in the main to older Gk., although the rich variety of its employment is limited, as is generally the case in later Greek. In certain constructions (s. aβ) an aspect of certainty is indicated, suggesting the gloss would. In most other instances aspects of varying possibility or conditionality find expression in ways that can be rendered ever, but with other glosses required when ἄν is used in conjunction with other particles.

ⓐ ἄν w. aor. or impf. indic.

α. denoting repeated action in past time, but only under certain given conditions, esp. after relatives (B-D-F §367; Rob. index): aor. (Gen 30:42; Num 9:17; 1 Km 14:47; Ezk 10:11) ὅσοι ἂν ἥψαντο αὐτοῦ, ἐσῴζοντο whoever touched him was cured Mk 6:56. Impf. (Ezk 1:20; 1 Macc 13:20; Tob 7:11) ὅπου ἂν εἰσεπορεύετο εἰς κώμας wherever he went (as he was accustomed to do—ADebrunner, D. hellenist. Nebensatziterativpräteritum mit ἄν: Glotta 11, 1920, 1–28) into villages Mk 6:56. καθότι ἄν τις χρείαν εἶχεν as anyone was in need Ac 2:45; 4:35. Similarly ὡς ἂν ἤγεσθε (v.l. ἀνήγεσθε) 1 Cor 12:2. Cp. also ὅταν 1bγ and δ.

β. in the apodosis of a contrary to fact (unreal) condition w. εἰ (B-D-F §360; but ἄν is not always used [s. the vv.ll. J 18:36]: §360, 1; Mlt. 199ff; PMelcher, De sermone Epicteteo 1905, 75); it is found

א. w. impf. (4 Macc 17:7; Bar 3:13; ParJer 5:20; GrBar 6:6; ApcMos 39) οὗτος εἰ ἦν προφήτης, ἐγίνωσκεν ἄν if he were a prophet, he would (now) know (but he does not) Lk 7:39. εἰ ἔχετε πίστιν …, ἐλέγετε ἄν if you had faith …, you would say 17:6. εἰ ἐπιστεύετε Μωϋσεῖ, ἐπιστεύετε ἂν ἐμοί J 5:46. εἰ ἐμὲ ᾔδειτε, καὶ τὸν πατέρα μου ἄν ᾔδειτε 8:19; cp. vs. 42; 9:41; 15:19. εἰ ἔτι ἀνθρώποις ἤρεσκον, Χριστοῦ δοῦλος οὐκ ἂν ἤμην Gal 1:10; cp. 3:21. εἰ ἑαυτοὺς διεκρίνομεν, οὐκ ἂν ἐκρινόμεθα 1 Cor 11:31. εἰ ἦν ἐπὶ γῆς, οὐδʼ ἂν ἦν ἱερεύς if he were on earth, he would not even be a priest Hb 8:4; cp. 4:8; 8:7; 11:15.

ב. w. aor., placing the assumption in the past (Gen 30:27; Wsd 11:25; Jdth 11:2; 4 Macc 2:20; TestJob 7:9 al.; ParJer 5:5; GrBar 8:7; PGiss 47, 17) εἰ ἐγένοντο αἱ δυνάμεις, πάλαι ἂν … μετενόησαν if the miracles had been performed, they would long ago have repented Mt 11:21. εἰ ἔγνωσαν, οὐκ ἂν ἐσταύρωσαν 1 Cor 2:8; cp. Ro 9:29 (Is 1:9). εἰ ἐγνώκειτε, οὐκ ἂν κατεδικάσατε if you had recognized, you would not have condemned Mt 12:7. εἰ ἠγαπᾶτέ με, ἐχάρητε ἄν if you loved me, you would have rejoiced J 14:28; cp. 11:21. The plpf. for aor. indic. (PGiss 79 II, 6 εἰ δυνατόν μοι ἦν, οὐκ ἂν ὠκνήκειν; BGU 1141, 27f) εἰ ἦσαν, μεμενήκεισαν ἄν 1J 2:19; cp. J 11:21 v.l.—In κἀγὼ ἐλθὼν σὺν τόκῳ ἂν αὐτὸ ἔπραξα Lk 19:23, ἐλθών functions as an unreal-temporal protasis (B-D-F §360, 2); cp. καὶ ἐλθὼν ἐγὼ ἐκομισάμην ἂν τὸ ἐμόν Mt 25:27. Sim. ἐπεὶ οὐκ ἂν ἐπαύσαντο προσφερόμεναι; where ἐπεί functions as protasis, otherwise (i.e. if the sacrifices had really brought about a lasting atonement) would they not have ceased to offer sacrifices? Hb 10:2.

ⓑ ἄν w. subjunc. after relatives, the rel. clause forming virtually the protasis of a conditional sentence (B-D-F §380, 1) of the future more vivid or present general type.

α. w. fut. or impf. in apodosis, to show that the condition and its results are thought of as in the future, of single and repeated action (IG XIV, 865 [VI B.C.] ὸ̔ς δʼ ἄν με κλέψῃ, τυφλὸς ἔσται; TestAbr B 4 p. 109, 10 [Stone p. 66]). ὸ̔ς δʼ ἂν ποιήσῃ καὶ διδάξῃ, οὗτος μέγας κληθήσεται but whoever does and teaches=if a person does and teaches it Mt 5:19. ὸ̔ς ἂν ἐσθίῃ …, ἔνοχος ἔσται 1 Cor 11:27. οὓς ἐὰν (v.l. ἂν) δοκιμάσητε, τούτους πέμψω 16:3—Mt 10:11; 1 Cor 16:2.

β. w. pres. in apodosis, to show that the condition and its results involve repeated action, regardless of the time element: ἃ ἂν ἐκεῖνος ποιῇ, ταῦτα καὶ ὁ υἱὸς ὁμοίως ποιεῖ whatever he does, the Son does likewise J 5:19. ὅπου ἐὰν (v.l. ἂν) αὐτὸν καταλάβῃ, ῥήσσει αὐτόν wherever it seizes him Mk 9:18. ὑμῖν ἐστὶν ἡ ἐπαγγελία …, ὅσους ἂν προσκαλέσηται κύριος Ac 2:39. ὸ̔ς ἐὰν (v.l. ἂν) βουληθῇ φίλος εἶναι τοῦ κόσμου, ἐχθρὸς τοῦ θεοῦ καθίσταται whoever wishes to be a friend of the world Js 4:4. Cp. ὅπου ἄν 3:4 v.l.—Where ὅς or ὅστις appears w. subj. without ἄν (but cp. IG XII/1, 671 ὸ̔ς ἀνασπαράξῃ τ. τάφον; CPR I, 24, 33; 25, 19; AcThom 93 [Aa II/2, 206], 19; Is 7:2; 31:4), the reading that gives the fut. ind. is prob. the right one: ὅστις τηρήσῃ (v.l.-σει) Js 2:10. ὅσοι (without ἄν PPetr I, 13, 3;5; CPR I, 237, 3; IPergamon 249, 26 ὅσοι … ἐγλίπωσι τὴν πόλιν; Vett. Val. 125, 16): ὅσοι μετανοήσωσιν καὶ καθαρίσωσιν Hs 8, 11, 3 (s. W. and Joly app. for the textual tradition). See Reinhold 108; B-D-F §380, 4.

ⓒ In temporal clauses ἄν is found w. the subjunct. when an event is to be described which can and will occur, but whose occurrence cannot yet be assumed w. certainty. So

α. ὅταν (=ὅτε ἄν; s. ὅταν) w. pres. subjunct. to indicate regularly recurring action (Wsd 12:18): ὅταν ἄρτον ἐσθίωσιν whenever they eat bread Mt 15:2. ὅταν λαλῇ τὸ ψεῦδος whenever he tells a lie J 8:44. ὅταν λέγῃ τις whenever anyone says 1 Cor 3:4.—W. aor. subjunct. to express action in the future which is thought of as already completed (Sir Prol. ln. 22; Tob 8:21) ὅταν ποιήσητε πάντα when you have done Lk 17:10. ὅταν ἔλθῃ ὁ κύριος when the owner has come Mt 21:40; ὅταν ἔλθῃ ἐν τῇ δόξῃ Mk 8:38; cp. J 4:25; 16:13; Ac 23:35. ὅταν πάλιν εἰσαγάγῃ τὸν πρωτότοκον Hb 1:6.

β. ἡνίκα ἄν every time that (Ex 1:10; 33:22; 34:24 al.; POxy 104, 26 [96 A.D.]; PTebt 317, 18 [174/75] ἡνίκα ἐὰν εἰς τὸν νόμον παραγένηται). ἡνίκα ἂν (also ἐάν mss.) ἀναγινώσκηται Μωϋσῆς every time that Moses is read aloud 2 Cor 3:15; cp. vs. 16.

γ. ὁσάκις ἐάν as often as: ὁσάκις ἐὰν (also ἄν mss.) πίνητε 1 Cor 11:25. ὁσάκις ἐὰν (also ἄν mss.) ἐσθίητε vs. 26.

δ. ὡς ἄν as soon as (PHib 59, 2 [c. 245 B.C.] ὡς ἂν λάβῃς; 66, 4; PEleph 9, 3 [III B.C.]; PParis 46, 18 [143 B.C.]; BGU 1209, 13 [23 B.C.]; Josh 2:14; Jdth 11:15; 1 Macc 15:9): ὡς ἂν πορεύωμαι as soon as I travel Ro 15:24. ὡς ἂν ἔλθω as soon as I come 1 Cor 11:34. ὡς ἂν ἀφίδω τὰ περὶ ἐμέ as soon as I see how it will go with me Phil 2:23. ὡς ἐάν (PFay 111, 16 [95/96]) Hv 3, 8, 9; 3, 13, 2.—ἀφʼ οὗ ἄν after Lk 13:25.—In the case of temporal particles indicating a goal, viz. ἕως οὗ, ἄχρις (οὗ), μέχρις (οὗ), the mss. show considerable variation; the addition of ἄν is prob. correct only in rare cases (see B-D-F §383, 2). Only ἕως ἄν (PPetr II, 40a, 28 [III B.C.] ἕως ἂν ὑγιαίνοντας ὑμᾶς ἴδωμεν; Gen 24:14, 19; 49:10; Ex 23:30 al.) has certain attestation: μείνατε ἕως ἂν ἐξέλθητε stay until you go away Mt 10:11. ἕως ἂν ἴδωσιν τὴν βασιλείαν τοῦ θεοῦ Lk 9:27.—Mt 2:13; 5:26. ἕως ἂν λάβῃ Js 5:7 v.l.—ἄχρις οὗ (+ ἄν v.l.) ἔλθῃ 1 Cor 11:26. ἄχρις οὗ (+ ἄν v.l.) θῇ 15:25; ἄχρις οὗ ἂν ἥξω Rv 2:25 (v.l. ἄχρι). ἄχρις ἂν ἔλθῃ (cp. BGU 830, 13 [I A.D.] ἄχρις ἄν σοι ἔλθω) Gal 3:19 v.l.—πρὶν ἄν: πρὶν ἢ ἂν (vv.ll. πρὶν ἄν, πρὶν ἢ, only πρὶν or ἕως ἂν) ἴδῃ τὸν Χριστόν Lk 2:26 (B-D-F §383, 3).

ⓓ In purpose clauses the Attic (EHermann, Griech. Forschungen I, 1912, 267f; JKnuenz, De enuntiatis Graec. finalibus 1913, 13ff; 26ff) ὅπως ἄν, esp. freq. in earlier ins (Meisterhans³-Schw. 254), has become quite rare (LXX still rather often: Gen 18:19; 50:20; Ex 33:13; Jer 7:23 al.) ὅπως ἂν ἀποκαλυφθῶσιν διαλογισμοί Lk 2:35. ὅπως ἂν ἔλθωσιν καιροί Ac 3:20.—15:17 (Am 9:12 v.l.); Ro 3:4 (Ps 50:6); Mt 6:5 v.l.

ⓔ The opt. w. ἄν in a main clause (potential opt.) has almost wholly disappeared; a rare ex. is εὐξαίμην (v.l. εὐξάμην) ἄν Ac 26:29 in Paul’s speech before Agrippa (literary usage; s. B-D-F §385, 1; also Rob. 938; Themist. 6 p. 80 D.—On the rarity of the potential opt. in pap, LXX, Apost. Fathers see CHarsing, De Optat. in Chartis Aeg. Usu, diss. Bonn 1910, 28; Reinhold 111). Cp.—also in the literary lang. of Lk—direct rhetor. questions (Gen 23:15; Job 19:23; Sir 25:3; 4 Macc 7:22; 14:10 v.l.; TestJob 13:5 τίς ἄν δώῃ 35:5) πῶς γὰρ ἂν δυναίμην; Ac 8:31. τί ἂν θέλοι οὗτος λέγειν; 17:18. Dg has also preserved the opt. as a mark of elegant style (2:3, 10; 3:3f; 4:5; 7:2f; 8:3). MPol 2:2 has τίς οὐκ ἂν θαυμάσειεν;—More freq. in an indirect question, after an impf. or histor. pres. (B-D-F §386, 1; Rob. 938f) τὸ τί ἂν θέλοι καλεῖσθαι αὐτό what he wanted the child’s name to be Lk 1:62. τίς ἂν εἴη περὶ οὗ λέγει J 13:24. τὸ τίς ἂν εἴη μείζων αὐτῶν which of them was the greatest Lk 9:46; cp. 18:36 v.l. τί ἂν ποιήσαιεν τῷ Ἰησοῦ what they should do to Jesus 6:11. τί ἂν γένοιτο τοῦτο Ac 5:24. τί ἂν εἴη τὸ ὅραμα 10:17. (IMagnMai 215 [I A.D.] ἐπερωτᾷ … τί ἂν ποιήσας … ἀδεῶς διατελοίη; Esth 3:13c πυθομένου δέ μου … πῶς ἂν ἀχθείη τοῦτο.)

ⓕ The use of ἄν w. inf. and ptc., freq. in earlier Gk., is not found in the NT at all (B-D-F §396); ἵνα μὴ δόξω ὡς ἂν (or ὡσὰν, q.v.) ἐκφοβεῖν ὑμᾶς 2 Cor 10:9 is surely to be expl. in such a way that ὡς ἂν=Lat. quasi: I would not want it to appear as if I were frightening you; s. B-D-F §453, 3; Mlt. 167.—On εἰ μήτι ἂν (sc. γένηται) ἐκ συμφώνου except perhaps by agreement 1 Cor 7:5 s. B-D-F §376; Mlt. 169.—M-M.

II. ἄν for ἐάν is rare in Hellen. Gk. (B-D-F §107; Mlt. 43 n. 2; cp. Hyperid. 4, 5; 5, 15; Teles p. 31, 6; Plut., Mor. 547a; Epict., index Schenkl; pap [Mayser 152]; ins, esp. of the Aegean Sea [Rdm.² 198, 3; s. also SIG index IV 204]; 1 Esdr 2:16; 4 Macc 16:11; Jos., Ant. 4, 70; 219; Test12Patr; Mel. Fgm. 8b 24), but appears J 13:20; 16:23; 20:23; as v.l. 5:19; 9:22; 12:32; 19:12; Ac 9:2; and IMg 10:1.—Mlt. 63, 1.—M-M.

ὑπογρᾰφ-ω,

A write under an inscription, subjoin or add to it, τῇ στήλῃ ὑ. ὅτι οὐκ ἐνέμειναν τοῖς ὅρκοις" Th.5.56;

τὰς πόλεις.. ὧν εἷς ἕκαστός ἐστιν IG22.237.34

; ὁ ὑπογεγραμμένος the undermentioned, CIG 1957g (Maced.), cf. PTeb.61 (a).10, al. (ii B. C.);

ἐπὶ τῶν ὑπογεγραμμένων μαρτύρων PAvrom.1

A 7 (i B. C.; but κατὰ τὰ ὑπογεγραμμένα as has been indicated (above), PCair.Zen. 173.10 (iii B. C.), v. infr. 11.4).

2 sign, subscribe,

τὸ ψήφισμα αὐτοῦ ὑπέγραψα Hyp.Eux.30

, cf. PTeb. 35.11 (ii B. C.):—[voice] Med., ὑ. τὰς καταβολάς sign and so make oneself liable for the payment, D.Ep.3.40; τοὺς ἵππους ἰδίους ὑ. signed his name as their owner, D.S.13.74 codd. (better ἀπεγράψατο as Peiresc and Plu.Alc.12); ὑπογράψας ἐπιβουλεῦσαί με having accused me of plotting, D.37.23 (v.l. in 23.220); ὑ. κρίσεις τινί lodge accusations against one, Plb.22.4.6 (s. v.l.);

ὑ. τὴν ἀντωμοσίαν κατά τινος Them.Or.26.313c

; bring an accusation against one,

εἴπ' εἴ τι καινὸν ὑπογράφῃ τὠμῷ βίῳ E.HF 1118

.

3 write under orders or from dictation,

οὐκ ἔχων οὐδὲ τὸν ὑπογράφοντα

an amanuensis,

Jul.Ep.28

, cf. Plu.Caes. 17.

II write under, i.e. trace letters for children to write over,

οἱ γραμματισταὶ τοῖς μήπω δεινοῖς γράφειν τῶν παίδων ὑπογράψαντες γραμμὰς τῇ γραφίδι Pl.Prt. 326d

: metaph., ἡ πόλις νόμους ὑ. traces out laws as guides of action, ibid., cf. Lg. 734e: abs., πάντα ὑ. τῷ πράττειν give all directions for acting, ib. 711b; ᾗ ἡμεῖς ὑ. as we sketched out, Id.Tht. 171e: folld. by relat. clause, τοὺς.. ὑπογράψαντας τίνα τρόπον .. Phld.Mus.p.86 K.

2 trace in outline, sketch out,

οἱ γραφεῖς ὑπογράψαντες ταῖς γραμμαῖς οὕτως ἐναλείφουσι τοῖς χρώμασι τὸ ζῷον Arist.GA 743b24

;

καθάπερ ζωγράφον ὑ. ἔργα Pl.Lg. 934c

;

ὡς λόγῳ σχῆμα πολιτείας ὑπογράψαντα μὴ ἀκριβῶς ἀπεργάσασθαι Id.R. 548c

;

ὑ. τοῖς ἐξεργάζεσθαι καὶ διαπονεῖν δυναμένοις Isoc.5.85

; sketch,

τὸ σχῆμα τῆς Σικελίας Plu.Nic.12

; mark on a map,

πόλεις Ptol.Geog.1.18.5

:—[voice] Med., οἷον δή τις ναυπηγὸς.. καταβαλλόμενος τὰ τροπιδεῖα ὑπογράφεται τῶν πλοιων σχήματα has their forms traced out, Pl.Lg. 803a;

ὑ. τὸ σχῆμα τῆς πολιτείας Id.R. 501a

;

ὑ. σκιάν Poll. 7.129

(v.l.):—[voice] Pass., τὰ ὑπογεγραμμένα the symptoms described, Hp. Epid.1.3, cf. 19, Phld.Piet.19.

3 σπληνίσκος ὑπογεγραμμένος ἱππέα with an outline sketch of a horseman upon it, Michel 832.24 (Samos, iv B. C.).

4 metaph. senses taken from 11.1, 11.2, trace, indicate,

τοῖς τιμιωτέροις ὑπέγραψεν ἡ φύσις τὴν βοήθειαν Arist.PA 658a23

;

τὰς δύο φλέβας.. ἡ φύσις ὑπέγραψεν Id.GA 740a28

;

ἡ τῶν τόπων θέσις ὑπογράφει τὴν ἡγεμονίαν ταύτην Str.8.1.3

; ὑπογράφων αὐτῷ μεγάλας ἐλπίδας hinting at.., Plb.5.36.2, cf. 5.62.1, Aët.9.42;

ἐλπίδα παραιτήσεως ὑπογράφει θεῶν διὰ τιμῆς Epicur.Ep.3p.65U.

; τὴν αὐτὴν ἀπορίαν ὑπογράφουσιν present or suggest the same problem, Str.17.1.34; indicate,

τὸν χαρακτῆρα τῆς λέξεως D.H.Dem.40

;

τὴν μετὰ κίσσαν ἐπιμέλειαν Sor.1.54

: c. dupl. acc.,

νομάδας αὐτοὺς ὑπογράφων Str.1.1.6

:—[voice] Pass.,

ἡ κοινὴ τοῦ θεοῦ νόησις ὑπεγράφη

was traced,

Epicur.Ep.3p.59U.

; μέχρι τοῦ πρῶτον ὑπογραφέντος αὐτοῖς χνοῦ till the first signs of their beard appeared, Luc.Am.10.

5 [voice] Med., describe generally,

ὑ. τὴν διόρθωσιν τοῦ νόμου D.S.12.18

:— [voice] Pass., τύπῳ.. ὑπογεγράφθω περὶ ψυχῆς (impers.) Arist.de An. 413a10, cf. SE 181a2.

III [voice] Med., ὑ ἑαυτῷ εἰς μνήμην c. inf., make a memorandum that.., App.Pun. 136.

IV [voice] Med., pledge, mortgage,

ὑπογράψονται τὼς χώρως Tab.Heracl.1.149

.

V ὑπογράφειν or - γράφεσθαι τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς paint under the eyelids, Nic. Dam.4 J., J.BJ4.9.10, Poll.5.102, Luc.Bis Acc.31;

ὑπεγέγραπτο τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς Ath.12.529a

: abs.,

ὑπογεγραμμένη Ar.Fr. 880

, Hsch.; cf.

ὑπογραφή 111

,

ὑπόγραμμα 11

.

ναύκληρος, ου, ὁ (ναῦς, κλῆρος; Soph., Hdt.+; Plut., Jos. [both w. κυβερνήτης, q.v. 1]; OGI 344, 4 [I B.C.]; pap [Preisigke, Fachwörter; for others New Docs, below; En 101:4, 9; Philo, Op. M. 147) freq. ‘ship-owner’ or ‘charterer’ of a vessel. But it can also mean captain, since the sailing-master of a ship engaged in state service (esp. for shipment of grain IG 14, 918) was called a ναύκληρος (MRostovtzeff, APF 5, 1913, 298; LCasson, Ships and Seamanship in the Ancient World, ’71, 314–16; but WKunkel, APF 8, ’27, 185 ‘freight contractor’, not necessarily as pilot or captain) Ac 27:11. (For sailing regulations POxy 3250, 22–24 [63 A.D.], s. New Docs 2, 74 no. 25.)—Nock, Essays 823; Hemer, Acts 138f; JVélissaropoulos, Les nauclères grecs, ’80; New Docs 4, 116f (pap, ins and lit.).—DELG. M-M. Spicq.

⁺ V 19-18-15-2-8=62 Nm 13,30; 33,54; 34,13.18; Dt 1,38

A: to become heir and owner Sir 44,21; to receive possession of [τι] Dt 3,20; to seize possession of [τι] (with violence) Hab 1,6; to obtain (a woman) as one’s assured possession [τινα] Sir 4,16; to receive a possession among [ἔν τινι] Jos 22,19; to divide and give sth as possession to sb [τί τινα] (semit., rendering Hebr. נחל hi.) Jer 3,18; id. [τί τινι] (semit., rendering Hebr.-לנחל לקח) Nm 34,18; to give as inheritance to sb [τινι] (semit., rendering Hebr. נחל pi.) Jos 14,1; to give sb as possession [τινα] (semit., rendering Hebr. נחל pi.) Jos 13,32; to make sb heir, to give an inheritance to [τινα] Sir 46,1

P: to have obtained a share Dt 19,14

ὄνομα αἰῶνος κατακληρονομήσει he shall inherit an everlasting name Sir 15,6

*2 Sm 7,1 κατεκληρονόμησεν αὐτόν he gave him an inheritance-הנחילו for MT לו הניח he gave him rest;

*Ez 22,16 καὶ κατακληρονομήσω ἐν σοί and I shall inherit you-בך ונחלתי נחל for MT בך ונחלת חלל you shall be profaned by you, you shall profane yourself

see κατακληροδοτέω

Cf. DOGNIEZ 1992, 120; DORIVAL 1994 169.186.315; HELBING 1928, 138-141; MURAOKA 1990b, 43;

→TWNT

δεσπότ-ης, ου, ὁ; voc. δέσποτᾰ: [dialect] Ion. acc.

A

δεσπότεα Hdt.1.91

, al., Luc.Syr.D.25:—master, lord, prop. the master of the house,

δόμων A.Eu.60

, etc.;

ὄμμα γὰρ δόμων νομίζω δεσπότου παρουσίαν Id.Pers. 169

: pl., of a family, Id.Ag.32, Ch.53, 82(lyr.); in respect of slaves, Pl.Prm. 133d;

δοῦλοι καὶ δ. οὐκ ἄν ποτε γένοιντο φίλοι Id.Lg. 757a

, etc.;

δ. καὶ δοῦλος Arist.Pol. 1253b6

, cf. 1278b35;

ὦ δέσποτ' ἄναξ Ar. Pax90

(anap.); ὦναξ δέσποτα ib. 389, Fr. 598;

δέσποτ' ἄναξ Men. 312.5

.

2 despot, absolute ruler, Hdt.3.89, Th.6.77;

τύραννος καὶ δ. Pl.Lg. 859a

; of the Roman Emperors, Ph.2.568, D.C.55.12, Hdn.1.6.4;

γᾶς καὶ θαλάσσας δ. IG12(2).216

([place name] Mytilene).

3 of the gods, S.Fr. 535, E.Hipp.88, Ar.V. 875, X.An.3.2.13.

4 dominant planet, Vett. Val.5.16.

II generally, master, lord, owner, κώμου, ναῶν, Pi.O.6.18, P.4.207;

μαντευμάτων A.Th.27

;

τῶν Ἡρακλείων ὅπλων S.Ph. 262

; ἑπτὰ δεσποτῶν, of the seven Chiefs against Thebes, E.Supp. 636;

τοῦ ὄρτυγος Poll.9.108

.—Not in Hom. (for metrical reasons), though he uses δέσποινα in Od. (Prob. for δεμσποτ- 'lord of the house', cf. δόμος.)

ὅταν, for ὅτ' ἄν ([etym.] ὅτε ἄν) as sts. in codd.: Adv. of Time,

A whenever, with a conditional force, so as nearly to = ἐάν (v.

εἰ B.

II), referring to an indef. future (cf.

ὅτε A.

I. IC), Il.1.519, etc.; also of events like ly to recur, 2.397, IG12.97.9, etc.: also in [dialect] Ep.

ὅτε κεν Il.1.567

, 6.225: strengthd.,

ὅ. περ S.OC 301

, Pl.R. 565a, 565d: repeated for rhet. effect,

ὅ. ὡς ὑβρίζων, ὅ. ὡς ἐχθρὸς ὑπάρχων, ὅ. κονδύλοις, ὅ. ἐπὶ κόρρης D.21.72

.

b later causal, since, ὅταν.. ᾖ since it is, Arist.Mu. 395a19, cf. D.Chr.7.105, Porph.Gaur.11.2; in earlier examples the application to the particular case is less directly expressed, καὶ τοῦτο τυφλὸν ὅταν ἐγὼ βλέπω βραχύ this too (viz. my staff) is blind when I am (= when its owner is) short-sighted, E. Ion 744, cf. S.Aj. 137 (anap.), Pl.Sph. 241a, Din.3.9.

2 never with ind. in early authors, exc. in Od.10.410, ὡς δ' ὅταν.. σκαίρουσι (s. v. l.); in 24.88, ὅτε κεν.. ζώννυνταί τε νέοι καὶ ἐπεντύνονται ἄεθλα; and in Il.12.41, ὡς δ' ὅτ' ἂν ἔν τε κύνεσσι καὶ ἀνδράσι.. στοέφεται ( ἔναντα κύνεσσι cj. Monro): but freq. in LXX with [tense] impf. ind., as

ὅταν εἰσήρχετο Ge.38.9

, cf. Plb.4.32.5, Ev.Marc.3.11: also with [tense] aor. ind., LXX Ex.16.3, Apoc.8.1: with [tense] fut. ind.,

ὅταν ἕξουσι Apollod.Poliorc.187.12

; ὅταν ὄψεσθε (v.l. ὄψησθε) Ev.Luc. 13.28: with [tense] pres. ind.,

ὅταν δείκνυται Str.12.3.27

(s. v.l.): generally, ὅταν supersedes ὅτε in Hellenistic Greek.

3 never with opt. in early authors, exc. in orat. obliq., where in orat. recta the subj. with ὅταν would have stood, as perh. A.Pers. 450 may be expld. ( ὅτ' ἐκνεῶν Elmsl.); ὅτε κεν folld. by ἵκοι, Il.9.525.

II Special usages:

1 to introduce a simile, 10.5, Od.5.394.

2 πρίν γ' ὅ., = πρίν γε ἢ ὅ. (v.

ὅτε A. 11.2

), 2.374.

3 εἰς ὅτε κεν until such time as.., ib.99, 19.144.

4 ὅ. τάχιστα, Lat. cum primum, Ar.Th. 1205, X.Cyr.4.5.33;

ὅ. πρῶτον Pl.Ly. 211b

. [ ὅτᾱν only in later Poetry, Lyr.Alex. Adesp.37.17.]

Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `shipowner, (ship-)captain', who lets out his ship and places on board to other persons (IA.; on the meaning against ἔμπορος and κάπηλος Finkelstein ClassPhil. 30, 320 ff.); metaph. `owner of a rented house' (com.).

Derivatives: ναυκληρ-ία f. `the position of a ναύκλη-ρος, ship-owners' society, navigation' (Att.; or from ναυκληρέω [s.below]); - ιον n. `freighter' (D., E.); ναυ-κλάρ-ιος surn. of Poseidon (Delos I^a), - κληρ-ικός `belonging to the ν.' (Pl. Lg.), ναυκληρώσιμοι στέγαι τὰ πανδοκεῖα H. (after μισθώσιμος; Arbenz 90). Denomin. ναυκληρ-έω 'be ναύκληρος' (Att.), metaph. `govern (a state)' (trag.), with ναυκληρήματα pl. `shipping' (Tz.). -- Besides ναύκραρος ( ναύκλαρος H.) m. name of the manager of a ναυκραρία (Lex Solonis ap. Arist. Ath. 8, 3, Hdt. u.a.) with ναυκραρ-ία f. part of a phyle in solonic Athens, for financial and administrative purposes (Arist. Ath. 8, 3), - ια n. pl. `registry of the ναύκραροι' (Ammon. Gramm.), - ικός `belonging to the ν-ρος or a ν-ρία' (Lex Solonis ap. Arist.).

Origin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]

Etymology: Through dissimilation and at the same time connection with the better understandable κλῆρος arose from the older ναύκρα-ρος, which remained only in techical sense, the usual ναύκλαρος, ναύκληρος. Prop. "who stands at the head of a ship"; so ναύ-κρᾱρ-ος with the same zero grade as the 2. member as in ὀρθό-κραιρα (s. κραῖρα). Here κρᾱ-ρ- can stand beside κερα-σ- or (better) for *κρᾱσ-ρ- which belong to *κρᾱσ-ν- in κρᾱν-ίον (s.v. and κάρᾱ); zero- and full grade forms in κάρηνα (\< *καρασ-ν-α) and Lat. cere-brum (\< * ceras-r-om), s. κάρηνα and κέρας. The same final element in Boeot. (Λ)α-κρᾱρίδας \< *Λά-κρᾱρ-ος; cf. Λέ-αρχος a.o. Solmsen RhM 53, 151 ff. -- Lat. LW [loanword] nauclērus; cf. Friedmann Die jon. u. att. Wörter 26ff., with v. Blumenthal Gnomon 15, 166 n. 2.

Page in Frisk: 2,

Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `border, boundary mark (pole, column, stone), term, limit, mark, appointment, definition' (Att. Cf. Koller Glotta 38, 70ff.).

Other forms: οὖρος (Il.), ορϜος (Corc.), ὦρος (Cret., Arg.), ὄρος (Herakl.).

Compounds: Sometimes as 1. member, e.g. ὁρο-θεσία f. `the fixing of boundaries' (hell. inscr., Act. Ap., pap.), as νομο-θεσία a.o., formal from ὁρο-θέ-της (gloss.), comp. of ὅρον θεῖναι with τη-suffix; often as 2. member, e.g. δί-ωρος `with two boundary stones' (Arc. IV^a), ἀμφ-ούρ-ιον n. `toll, paid by the seller to the owner of the neighbouring estate as a fixation of the sale' (pap. III^a, Rhod. inscr. II^a), ἀμφουριασμός m. (*ἀμφουρι-άζω); s. Wilhelm Glotta 14, 68ff., 83, Preisigke Wb. s.v.; zu εὑθυωρία s. v.

Derivatives: 1. ὅρία n. pl. (rarely sg.) `borderline, border areas etc.' (Hp., Att., Arc.); 2. ὁρία f. `border' (Att. inscr.); 3. ὅριος `belonging to the border' ( Ζεὺς ὅρ., Pl., D.) = Lat. Terminus (D.H., Plu.); 4. ὁρικός `belonging to definition' (Arist.); 5. ὁρ-αία τεκτονική = gruma, - ιαῖος λίθος (gloss.); 6. ὁρίζω, aor. - ίσαι (Ion. οὑρ-), often w. prefix, e.g. δι- ( ἐπι-δι- etc.), ἀφ-, περι-, προσ-, `to border, to demarcate, to separate, to determine, to define' (IA.) with ( ἀφ-, περι-, δι-)ὅρισμα ( οὔρ-) `limitation, border' (Hdt., E.), ( ἀφ-, περι- etc.) ὁρισμός `limitation, determination etc.' (Att.), ( δι-)ὅρισις (Pl., Arist.), ὁρισ-τής m. `landmarker' (Att., Tab. Heracl.), - τικός `belonging to limitation or determination, limiting, defining' (Arist.). -- 7. ὀρεύς s. v.

Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [?] *(u̯)eru̯-?

Etymology: Not certainly explained. -- An orig. (h) όρϜος (= Corc.) can stand for still older *ϜόρϜος (Schwyzer 306 a. 226 f.) and can be connected wih Lat. urvāre ( amb-) `surround with a (boundary)furrow' (Fest. from Enn., Dig.) as a cognate; the basic noun urvus `circuitus civitatis' (gloss.; transm. urus) can agree except for he ablaut (IE *u̯r̥u̯os against *u̯oru̯os). Here also Osc. uruvú from PItal. * urvā, if with Schulze ZGLE 549 n. 1 a.o. `boundaryfurrow, border' (cf. Vetter Hb. d. ital. Dial. 1, 442). Further connection wih ἐρύω `draw' (s.v.) is then possible. -- Also an alternative basis *ὄρϜος (w. second. asper) can be combined with Lat. urvus (then from *r̥u̯os; to ὀρύ-σσω?, s.v.). -- WP. 1, 293 a. 2, 352 f., W.-Hofmann s. urvus w. further lit. S. also οὑροί and 2. οὖρον.

Page in Frisk: 2,425-426

σφραγίζω 1 aor. ἐσφράγισα. Mid.: fut. 2 sg. σφραγιῇ Jer 39:44; 1 aor. ἐσφραγισάμην. Pass.: 1 aor. ἐσφραγίσθην; pf. ptc. ἐσφραγισμένος (s. next entry; Aeschyl. et al.; ins, pap, LXX, TestSol; TestJob 5:2; ParJer 3:10; ApcMos 42; Philo, Joseph.; Mel., P. 15, 97 al.)

① to provide with a seal as a security measure, seal w. acc. of the obj. that is to be secured or fastened by the seal: of a stone, to prevent its being moved fr. position (Da 6:18=Jos., Ant. 10, 258) Mt 27:66 (but s. μετά A3b). Likew. GPt 9:34, where the words μνημεῖον ἐσφραγισμένον refer back to the sealing of the stone used to close the tomb (8:32f); cp. ApcMos 42 ὁ θεὸς … ἐσφράγισε τὸ μνημεῖον. In the case of a closed building, so that it cannot be opened (Bel 11; 14) τὰς κλεῖδας 1 Cl 43:3. A bundle of rods, that were not to be disturbed 43:2. Abs. ἐσφράγισεν ἐπάνω αὐτοῦ he sealed (the closed mouth of the abyss) over him Rv 20:3.

② to close someth. up tight, seal up τὶ someth. in order to keep it secret (Solon in Stob., Flor. III p. 114, 8 H. τοὺς λόγους σιγῇ; Cleopatra 73 μυστήριον ἐσφραγισμένον; PTebt 413, 6; Job 14:17; 24:16; Da 9:24 Theod.; Da 12:9 LXX) Rv 10:4; 22:10.

③ to mark with a seal as a means of identification, mark, seal (Eur., Iph. T. 1372; Mel., P. 16, 104 al.; in pap, of all kinds of animals), so that the mark denoting ownership also carries w. it the protection of the owner (on the apotropaic aspect cp. TestSol 14:2): σφραγίσωμεν τοὺς δούλους τοῦ θεοῦ ἐπὶ τῶν μετώπων αὐτῶν Rv 7:3 (marking w. a seal on the forehead in the cult of Mithra: Tertullian, Praescr. Haer. 40). Corresp. ἐσφραγισμένοι vs. 4ab, 5, 8 (on the concept of sealing eschatologically cp. Ezk 9:4ff; Is 44:5; PsSol 15:6, 9; 4 Esdr 6:5f; 8:51ff. S. also LBrun, Übriggebliebene u. Märtyrer in Apk: StKr 102, 1930, 215–31). This forms a basis for understanding the imagery which speaks of those who enter the Christian community as being sealed with or by the Holy Spirit Eph 1:13; cp. 4:30. Sim. θεός, ὁ σφραγισάμενος ἡμᾶς καὶ δοὺς τὸν ἀρραβῶνα τοῦ πνεύματος ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ἡμῶν 2 Cor 1:22; but here the context contributes an additional component in the sense of ‘endue with power from heaven’, as plainly in J 6:27 (cp. σφραγίς 4a); but EDinkler, OCullmann Festschr. ’62, 183–88 associates 2 Cor 1:22 w. baptism; s. σφραγίς 4b.

④ to certify that someth. is so, attest, certify, acknowledge, fig. (as a seal does on a document: pap; Jer 39:10f; Esth 8:8, 10.—Anth. Pal. 9, 236 ἐσφράγισαν ὅρκοι) w. ὅτι foll. J 3:33.

⑤ to seal someth. for delivery, seal σφραγισάμενος αὐτοῖς τὸν καρπὸν τοῦτον Ro 15:28 is perh. to be understood fr. the practice of sealing sacks of grain (Dssm., NB 65f [BS 238f]). But some have thought that the imagery is rather hard to maintain, since the ‘fruit’ must not only be sealed, but also forwarded to Jerusalem and delivered there. In any case the sense of the expr. is easier to understand in some such wording as this: when I have placed the sum that was collected safely (sealed) in their hands (s. LRadermacher, ZNW 32, ’33, 87–89; HBartsch, ZNW 63, ’72, 95–107). On the debate s. New Docs 2, 191, w. a late pap in further support of Dssm.’s view.—Straub 29f. DELG s.v. σφραγίς. M-M. TW.

κλήρουχ-ος, ὁ, ([etym.] κλῆρος, ἔχω)

A one who held an allotment of land, esp. an allotment in a foreign country assigned him as a citizen, Hdt.5.77, Th.3.50, Aeschin.1.53, IG12.60.10, 22.114.9; esp. in Ptolemaic Egypt, holder of land by military tenure, PCair.Zen.3.6, 326.37, al. (iii B.C.), PSI4.344.7 (iii B.C.), PPetr.2p.4 (iii B.C.), etc.: metaph., μητέρα πολλῶν ἐτῶν κληροῦχον having old age for her lot, S.Aj. 508;

Ἑρμῆ.. Φιλιππίδου κληροῦχε Alex.89

.

2 one who distributed allotments to citizens, Harp., Phot.;

ὁ κ. θεός Ph. 2.121

.

3 holder of an inheritance, Id.2.290, al.

4 in Roman Egypt, land-owner, landlord, PFay.82.19(ii A.D.), Sammelb. 7193rii 2 (ii A.D.), etc.

II [voice] Pass., κ. γῆ land distributed in allotments, D.H.8.75.

ποιμήν, ένος, ὁ, voc. ποιμήν (not - μέν) Hdn.Gr.2.717:—

A herdsman, whether of sheep or oxen, Od.10.82-5, al.; opp. lord or owner ([etym.] ἄναξ), 4.87.

2 after Hom. always shepherd,

βουκόλοι καὶ π. E.Ba. 714

, cf. Cratin.281, Pl.Tht. 174d, R. 343a, Lg. 735b, etc.;

π. προβάτων LXXGe.4.2

.

II metaph., shepherd of the people, regularly of Agamemnon,

Ἀγαμέμνονα π. λαῶν Il.2.243

, al.: generally, captain, chief, ib.85, al., S.Aj. 360 codd. (lyr.);

ναῶν ποιμένες A.Supp. 767

;

λόχων E.Ph. 1140

;

ὄχων Id.Supp. 674

; ποιμένες δώρων Κυπρίας, of the Loves, Pi.N.8.6: abs., master, lord,

πλοῦτος ὁ λαχὼν ποιμένα Id.O.10(11).88

; for A.Ag. 657, v. στρόβος.

2 in LXX and NT, pastor, teacher, Je. 2.8, Ep.Eph.4.11, etc. (Cf.Lith.piemuõ, gen.sg. piemeñs 'shepherd'.)

ἄναξ [ᾰ], ἄνακτος (cf. Ἄνακες), ὁ, rarely fem. ὦ ἄνα for ἄνασσα, Pi.P.12.4, cf. A.Fr. 342: (

A

ϝάναξ IG4.236

([place name] Corinth), etc., cf.

ϝάνακες 4.564

([place name] Argos)):—lord, master,

1 of the gods, esp. Apollo,

ἄγουσι δὲ δῶρα Ἄνακτι Il.1.390

, al.;

ὁ Πύθιος ἄναξ A.Ag. 509

; ἄναξ Ἄπολλον ib. 513, Eu.85, etc.;

ὦναξ Ἄπ. S.OT80

; ὦναξ without Ἄπολλον, Hdt.1.159, 4.150, al.; of Zeus, Hom. only in voc.,

Ζεῦ ἄνα Il.3.351

, 16.233;

Ζεὺς ἄναξ A.Pers. 762

;

ἄναξ ἀνάκτων.. Ζεῦ Id.Supp. 524

;

μὰ τὸν Δία τὸν Ἄνακτα D.35.40

; Poseidon, A.Th. 130; ὦ δέσποτ' ἄναξ, of Ἀήρ, Ar.Nu. 264; of Apollo Ἀγυιεύς, Id.V. 875; ὦναξ δέσποτα, of Πλοῦτος, Id.Pl. 748; esp. of the Dioscuri, cf. Ἄνακες, Ἄνακοι; of all the gods,

πάντων ἀνάκτων.. κοινοβωμίαν A.Supp. 222

, cf. Pi.O. 10(11).49.—The irreg. voc. ἄνα (q. v.) is never addressed save to gods; ὦναξ is freq. in Trag. and Com.

II of the Homeric heroes, esp. of Agamemnon, as general-in-chief

ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀ. Il.1.442

, al. (so Euphetes 15.532, while Ortilochos is called

πολέεσσ' ἄνδρεσσιν ἄνακτα 5.546

):—also as a title of rank, e.g. of Teiresias, Od.11.144, 151, S.OT 284; of the sons or brothers of kings (

υἱεῖς τοῦ βασιλέως καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ καλοῦνται ἄνακτες Arist.Fr. 526

, cf. Isoc.9.72, Clearch. 25, and so of Creon, S.OT85, cf. 911), and esp. of kings, as Xerxes, A.Pers.5, Darius, ib. 787, cf. Ag.42, E.Ph.17, Or. 349, etc.; βασιλῆι ἄνακτι lord king, Od.20.194; of the emperors,

θεοὶ ἄνακτες IG14.2012A2

, 4.1475 (Epid.).

III master of the house,

οἴκοιο ἄναξ Od.1.397

;

ἀμφὶ ἄνακτα κύνες 10.216

; as denoting the relation of master to slave, freq. in Od.;

ἄναξ, θεοὺς γὰρ δεσπότας καλεῖν χρεών E.Hipp.88

; of the Cyclops, as owner of flocks, Od.9.440.

IV metaph., κώπης, ναῶν ἄνακτες lords of the oar, of ships, A.Pers. 378, 383; πύλης ἄ. θυρωρέ, of a porter, S.Fr. 775; ἄ. ὅπλων E IA1260;

ψευδῶν Id.Andr.447

;

ὑπήνης Pl.Com.122

; κέντρων, of planets holding cardinal points, Man.1.66.—Poet. word.